CODE-UD in psychiatric education.
Morra & Ban
VOCABULARY
The vocabulary of CODE-UD consists of 218 "codes" including 37 computer derived "secondary codes." These 218 "codes" provide all the necessary information for the diagnostic formulations (algorithms) included in CODE-UD.
The definition of each "code" is based, as much as possible, on the definitions and descriptions given in the source material of the different classifications and diagnostic criteria. In the final formulation of each definition the following additional sources were considered:
The AMDP-System. Manual for the Assessment and Documentation of Psychopathology (Edited and Translated from the German by William Guy and Thomas A. Ban in collaboration with D. Bobon, J. Hoenig, R. Jamieson, Y. Lapierre, A. Leeds, H. Lehmann, J. Libiger, J Saarma and in consultation with J. Angst, P. Berner, P. Grof, M. Hamilton, H. Helmchen, M. Hollender, E. Koranyi, N. Sartorius)
BAN's Composite Diagnostic Evaluation of Depressive Disorders
DCR Budapest-Nashville in the Diagnosis and Classification of Functional Psychoses [Bertalan Pethö, Thomas A. Ban in collaboration with Andras Kelemen, Gabor Ungvari, Istvan Karczag, Istva Bitter, Judith (Tolna Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest); Marek Jarema, François Ferrero, Eugenio Aguglia, Giovanni Luca Zurria, Olaf K. Fjetland (Vanderbilt University, Nashville)]
DSM-III, DSM-IIIR, DSM-IV and DSM-IVTM of the American Psychiatric Association
FEIGHNER ET AL'S Diagnostic Criteria for Use in Research
FISH's Clinical Psychopathology (Second Edition, Edited by Max Hamilton)
ICD-9 and ICD-10 of the World Health Organization
JASPER's General Psychopathology (Translated from the German 7th edition by J. Hoenig and Marian W. Hamilton)
SPITZER ET AL'S Research Diagnostic Criteria
TAYLOR's Neuropsychiatric Mental Status Examination
WEBSTER's Ninth College Dictionary
The definitions of psychopathological symptoms in the glossary were constructed with the objective to serve as the elementary units in all the diagnostic algorithms. While they are not the ideal definitions, they include all the information used in the formulation of the statements and questions of the two diagnostic instruments of CODE-UD, the "self-assessment" and the "structured interview."
Glossary of Definitions
ABSENCE OF REACTIVE MOOD CHANGES
Computer derived: Reactive Mood Changes (-)
ABULIA
Lack of will power with inability to act on decisions
ACCEPTABLE DURATION
The duration of the current depressive episode is at least 4 weeks
ACHES AND PAINS
The presence of aches and pains which cannot be attributed to a non-psychiatric medical illness or trauma
ACUTE ONSET
The time of onset of the current depressive episode can be determined within a specific 2-week period
AFFECTIVE LABILITY
Rapid and extreme changes (shifts) in mood
AGITATION
Aimless and purposeless increased motor activity with inability to stand still
ANGER
The feeling of being angry and ready to explode
ANGLICA MELANCHOLIA SYNDROME
Computer derived: Suicidal Tendencies (+)
ANGUISH
Mental suffering with the feeling of tightness in the chest
ANHEDONIA
The feeling that one is unable to experience pleasure
ANXIOUS DEPRESSION SYNDROME
Computer derived: Anxiety (+) and Hypochondriasis/Tension/Vegetative Manifestations (+)
ANXIETY
The feeling of nervousness and apprehension without an identifiable cause
ANXIOUS MOOD
The presence of fear that something dreadful might happen; patient exhibits bulging eyes, dilated pupils, moist skin, goose bumps, rapid breathing and/or vascular throbbing
APATHETIC INDIFFERENCE
Emotional indifference with a sense of futility and lack of concern
APATHETIC MELANCHOLIA SYNDROME
Computer derived: The presence of at least 2 of the following 3 variables: Abulia, Apathetic Indifference and Indecisiveness
ASTHENIA
The feeling of weakness and tiredness unrelated to any activity
AVERSION
Computer derived: Misanthropy/Withdrawal (+)
AVERSION FROM MOTION SYNDROME
Computer derived: Motor Retardation/Stupor/Withdrawal (+)
BODILY MISPERCEPTIONS
Unfounded somatic perceptions, including tactile or kinesthetic sensations, pressure or thermic phenomena
BRIEF DURATION
The duration of the current depressive episode is less than 2 weeks
CATATONIC MANIFESTATIONS
The presence of at least 2 of the following 5 sets of symptoms: Excessive purposeless motor activity; oppositional behavior/immobility/mutism; posturing; echolalia/echopraxia
CHILDBIRTH
The recent delivery of a child
CLINOPHILIA
The tendency to stay in bed for a longer period of time in comparison to the premorbid norm
COMPLAINTIVENESS
Increased readiness to verbalize pain, grief and/or discomfort
COMPULSIVE ACTIONS
Actions based on obsessive thoughts are carried out against one’s will
CONCERNS OF BODY AND AFFAIRS SYNDROME
Computer derived: Feeling of Impoverishment/Hypochondriasis (+)
CONSCIENTIOUNESS
The patient takes responsibility for his/her actions and is reliable in performing his/her duties
CONSTRICTED AFFECT
Restriction in the range of emotions to one or few feeling(s)
CORPORISATION
The feeling of being physically ill with the recognition of the lack of a physical illness
CRITICAL ATTITUDE
A tendency for being overcritical with an inclination to unduly judge others harshly
DECREASED APPETITE
Decreased desire to eat with diminished food intake in comparison to the premorbid norm
DECREASED SEX DRIVE
Decreased sexual urges, motivation and/or activity in comparison to the premorbid norm
DECREASED TALKATIVENESS
Patient is less talkative than in his/her premorbid norm
DELIRIUM
Clouded state of consciousness with fleeting attention, disconnected thinking, hallucinatory experiences and allopsychic disorientation
DELUSIONAL DISORDER
Diagnosis of delusional disorder
DELUSIONAL MELANCHOLIA SYNDROME
Computer derived: Depressed Mood (+) and Delusions/Hallucinations (+)
DELUSIONS
False beliefs which are not in keeping with the collective beliefs of mankind and cannot be corrected by evidence
DELUSIONS OF ANNIHILATION
The belief that the world, or his/her family is destroyed
DEPERSONALISATION
The feeling of being strange, changed, unreal and/or unidentifiable
DEPRESSED MOOD
A state of lowered mood experienced as sadness
DEPRESSION IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH CHILDBIRTH
The delivery of a newborn within 1 month prior to the first manifestations of the current depressive episode
DEPRESSION IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH LOSS OF LOVED ONE
The death of a significant person in the patient's life within 2 months prior to the onset of the first manifestations of the current depressive episode
DEPRESSION IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH MEDICAL ILLNESS
The diagnosis of a non-psychiatric and non-neurological medical illness, or the aggravation of a pre-existing medical illness within 3 months prior to the first manifestations of the current depressive episode
DEPRESSION IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH MOOD-DEPRESSANT MEDICATION
Treatment with one of the following drugs within 1 month prior to the onset of the first manifestations of the current depressive episode: cimetidine, clonidine, corticosteroids, cytotoxic agents, oral contraceptives, methyldopa, propranolol, reserpine
DEPRESSION IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH NEUROLOGICAL ILLNESS
The diagnosis of a neurological illness, or the aggravation of a pre-existing neurological illness within 1 month prior to the first manifestations of the current depressive episode
DEPRESSION IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH NON-AFFECTIVE AND NON-PSYCHOTIC PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS
The diagnosis of 1 of the following 4 psychiatric illnesses within 3 months prior to the first manifestations of the current depressive episode: anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, factitious disorder, somatoform disorder
DEPRESSION IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH NON-AFFECTIVE PSYCHOTIC PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS
The diagnosis of 1 of the following 6 psychiatric illnesses within 3 months prior to the first manifestations of the current depressive episode: brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, shared psychotic disorder
DEPRESSION IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH PRECIPITATING FACTOR
A stressful life-situation or an emotionally painful event in the patient's life within 3 months prior to the onset of the first manifestations of the current depressive episode
DEPRESSION IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH SUBSTANCE USE
The use of 1 or more of the following 10 substances within 1 month prior to the onset of the first manifestations of the current depressive episode: alcohol in excess, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, ketamine, opioids, phencyclidine and/or related drugs
DEPRESSIVE EVALUATIONS
Depressive transformation of memories (past), experiences (present) and expectations (future)
DEREALISATION
The experience that one's world has changed and has become unreal and strange
DESIRE TO DIE
The desire to be dead
DISPLEASURE
The feeling of dissatisfaction and discontent with oneself or situation
DISTURBANCE OF CONCENTRATION
The inability to focus and remain focused on a topic or objective that is to the extent that it interferes with everyday activities
DISTURBANCE OF VITAL BALANCE
Impairment of restoration in which the patient feels tired even when well rested
DIURNAL VARIATION
Marked changes in the severity of depression during the day
DRIVEN COMPLAINTIVENESS
Persistent and repetitive verbalization of the same complaint(s)
DYSPEPSIA
Indigestion with belching, nausea and/or vomiting
DYSPHORIA
The feeling of low spirit (bitter), resentful (resentfully silent) and crabby (grumpy)
DYSTHYMIA
Diagnosis of dysthymia without a full remission
EARLY INSOMNIA
Increased time required to fall asleep in comparison with the premorbid norm
EARLY ONSET
First depressive episode which required consultation with a doctor at age 21 or before
EPILEPSY
The diagnosis of epilepsy
EXCESSIVE APPETITE
Increased appetite and food intake in comparison with the premorbid norm
EXTENDED DURATION
The duration of the current depressive episode is at least 6 months, but less than 2 years
FEAR OF FUTURE SYNDROME
Computer derived: Feeling of Hopelessness/Pessimistic Outlook (+)
FEELING OF ALIEN INFLUENCE
The experience that one's feelings, strivings, will and/or behavior is (are) influenced and/or controlled from the outside
FEELING OF BEING OUT OF CONTROL
The feeling that one is losing control of oneself
FEELING OF BEING OVERWHELMED
The feeling of being burdened with problems beyond one's capacity to cope with them
FEELING OF EMPTINESS
The feeling of being completely vacant
FEELING OF HELPLESSNESS
The feeling of inability to manage one's own affairs without help
FEELING OF HOPELESSNESS
The feeling that nothing will happen in the future that could improve one's situation
FEELING OF INADEQUACY
The feeling that one is inferior to others by being less competent or capable and more clumsy, awkward and/or ignorant
FEELING OF LOSS OF FEELINGS
The experience that one has lost his/her ability to experience emotions
FEELING OF LOSS OF VITALITY
The feeling of lack of vitality with reduction of liveliness and vigor
FEELING OF UNHAPPINESS
The feeling of being misfortunate and unlucky
FEELING OF WORTHLESSNESS
The feeling of being useless
FEELINGS OF GUILT
Exaggerated remorse for past behavior, thoughts and/or wishes
FEELINGS OF IMPOVERISHMENT
The feeling of losing one's livelihood and the inevitability of poverty
FEMALE
The patient is a woman
FIRST EPISODE
The current depressive episode is the first one which led the patient to consult a doctor
FREQUENT RECURRENCE
Short depressive episodes with a duration of less than 2 weeks at least once monthly for at least 1 year
FULL RECOVERY IN PAST
Complete remission(s) from prior depressive episode(s) without residual psychopathological symptoms, personality alterations and performance changes
GASTROINTESTINAL COMPLAINTS
The presence of abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, flatulence, constipation and/or diarrhea without an identifiable non-psychiatric medical illness
GENETICALLY PURE
Depressive illness in a patient with a family history of affective illness
GENETICALLY ON SPECTRUM
Depressive illness in a patient with a family history of non-affective psychiatric illness
HALLUCINATIONS
Perceptual experiences without corresponding stimuli
HARRIED DEPRESSIVE SYNDROME
Computer derived: Agitation/Motor Restlessness (+), and the presence of at least 2 of the following 3 variables: Anxious Mood/Depressed Mood, Complaintiveness/Driven Complaintiveness and Restricted Thinking
HATRED OF LIFE SYNDROME
Computer derived: Loss of Desire to Live/Suicidal Tendencies (+)
HISTRIONICS
Theatrical, demonstrative behavior with the exaggeration of difficulties
HOMICIDAL ACT
A recent successful act or unsuccessful attempt to kill another person
HOMICIDAL IDEATION
Recurrent thoughts of killing someone
HOMICIDAL TENDENCIES
Computer derived: Homicidal Act/Homicidal Ideation (+)
HOSTILE DEPRESSION SYNDROME
Computer derived: Hostility (+) and Suspiciousness (+)
HOSTILITY
Antagonistic feelings towards people
HYPERSOMNIA
Increased time spent in sleep in comparison to the premorbid norm
HYPOCHONDRIACAL DEPRESSION SYNDROME
Computer derived: Anxious Mood/Depressed Mood (+) and Hypochondriasis (+) and the presence of at least 2 of the following 3 variables: Bodily Misperceptions/Corporization, Feeling of Hopelessness and Complaintiveness
HYPOCHONDRIASIS
Unfounded fear of being ill or becoming ill with normal somatic sensations given undue attention
HYPOMANIA
The diagnosis of hypomania with elevated, expansive or irritable mood and observable changes in functioning lasting at least few days prior to the first manifestations of the current depressive episode
HYSTERIA
The diagnosis of hysteria
IDEAS OF REFERENCE
The patient believes that some of the insignificant events which take place in his/her immediate environment are signals with reference to him/her
IMAGINARY MELANCHOLIC SYNDROME
Computer derived: Hypochondriasis (+)
IMMATURITY
Acting and talking without considering the consequences
IMPAIRMENT OF ADAPTATION AT HOME
The patient is hospitalized or finds it difficult to deal with the members of his/her own family and with his/her responsibilities at home
IMPAIRMENT OF ADAPTATION AT WORK
The patient finds it difficult to deal with people and with his/her responsibilities at work
IMPAIRMENT OF SOCIAL ADAPTATION
Computer derived: Impairment of Adaptation at Home (+) and Impairment of Adaptation at Work (+)
IMPAIRMENT OF SOCIAL ADAPTATION IN PAST
Impaired occupational and social functioning with compromised personal relationships throughout life
INAPPROPRIATE EMOTIONAL RESPONSE
Emotional response inappropriate to ongoing events and to the situation
INCOHERENCE
Loosening of associations with fragmented thinking and incomprehensible speech
INDECISIVENESS
Difficulty or inability to make decisions
INHIBITED THINKING
The feeling that one's flow of thought physically interfered by an external force that cannot be removed however hard one tries
INSIDIOUS ONSET
Computer derived: Acute Onset (-) and Subacute Onset (-)
INSOMNIA
Computer derived: Early Insomnia/Middle Insomnia/Late Insomnia (+)
INTEREPISODE RECOVERY
Computer derived: First episode (-) and Full Recovery in past (+)
IRRITABILITY
Annoyance by trivial matters
LACK OF DRIVE
Lack of energy with difficulty of initiating and/or starting any new activity
LACK OF INSIGHT
Inability to recognize that one's experiences, beliefs, judgments and outlook are not in-keeping with reality and are caused by one's depressed mood
LACK OF INTEREST
Absence of motivation and curiosity to explore anything new
LACK OF JOY
Absence of gratification in patient’s life
LACK OF PLAY
Absence of recreational activities in patient’s life
LATE INSOMNIA
Early waking in comparison to the premorbid norm
LATE ONSET
First depressive episode which required consultation with a doctor at age 45 or later
LEADEN PARALYSIS
Feeling of heaviness in the limbs which pulls down like lead
LIFELONG DURATION
The continuous presence of depressive manifestations in the patient's recountable past
LIMITED DURATION
The duration of the current depressive episode is more than 2 weeks, but less than 6 months
LOSS OF DESIRE TO LIVE
The feeling that life is not worth living
LOSS OF LOVED ONE
The death of a significant person in the patient's life with an effect on the patient's everyday routine/lifestyle
MANIA
The diagnosis of mania with elevated, expansive or irritable mood, observable changes in functioning and hospitalization prior to the first manifestations of the current depressive episode
MEDICAL ILLNESS
The diagnosis of a non-psychiatric and non-neurological medical illness or the aggravation of a pre-existing medical illness
MELANCHOLIA ANGLICA SYNDROME
Computer derived: Loss of desire to Live/Suicidal Ideation (+)
MELANCHOLIA ATTONITA SYNDROME
Computer Derived: Motor Retardation/Retarded Thinking/Stupor (+)
MIDDLE INSOMNIA
Restless sleep with frequent interruptions during the night
MINIMAL DURATION
The duration of the current depressive episode is at least 2 weeks
MISANTHROPIC MELANCHOLIA SYNDROME
Computer derived: Misanthropy/Withdrawal (+)
MISANTHROPY
Hatred of people and mankind
MOOD CONGRUENT PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS
Delusions and/or hallucinations which are in keeping with mood
MOOD DEPRESSANT MEDICATION
Treatment with one or more of the following drugs: cimetidine, clonidine, corticosteroids, cytotoxic agents, guanethidine, oral contraceptives, methyldopa, propranolol, reserpine
MOTOR RESTLESSNESS
Aimless and purposeless increased motor activity with fidgeting, scratching, handwringing, hand-rubbing, tic-like and/or constant shifting of body positions
MOTOR RETARDATION
Observable decrease in motor activity with reduction of expressive and reactive movements
MULTIFORM CLINICAL PICTURE
Variable disease picture in which different symptoms and syndromes prevail at different times
NEGATIVISM
Oppositional behavior with the patient not doing what he/she is asked to do or doing the opposite
NEUROLOGICAL ILLNESS
The diagnosis of a neurological illness or the aggravation of a pre-existing neurological illness
NIHILISTIC DELUSIONS
The belief that one's body or self does not exist
NO IMPAIRMENT OF SOCIAL ADAPTATION IN PAST
Computer derived: Impairment of Social Adaptation in Past (-)
NON-AFFECTIVE AND NON-PSYCHOTIC PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS
The diagnosis of at least 1 of the following 4 non-affective and non-psychotic psychiatric illness: anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, factitious disorder and somatoform disorder
NON-AFFECTIVE PSYCHOTIC PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS
The diagnosis of at least 1 of the following 6 non-affective psychotic psychiatric illness: brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder and shared psychotic disorder
NON-PARTICIPATORY DEPRESSION SYNDROME
Computer derived: Motor Retardation/Stupor (+) and Anhedonia/Constricted Affect/Feeling of Loss of Feelings (+) and the presence of at least 2 of the following 3 variables: Abulia, Lack of Drive/Motor Retardation and Depersonalization/ Derealization
OBSESSIONAL
Preoccupation with perfection beyond the reasonable limits with intolerance of uncertainties
OBSESSIVE THOUGHTS
The unpleasant persistence of senseless thoughts against one's will
PANIC
Paroxysmal attacks of intense anxiety lasting from minutes to hours with at least 1 symptom from 4 or more of the following 13 sets of symptoms: palpitations/ pounding heart/accelerated heart rate, sweating, trembling/shaking, sensation of shortness of breath/smothering, feeling of choking, chest pain/discomfort in the chest, nausea/abdominal distress, dizziness/ unsteadiness/ lightheadedness/ faintness, feeling of unreality/feeling detached from oneself, fear of losing control, fear of going crazy, fear of dying, paresthesias/numbness/tingling, chills/hot flushes
PEEVISHNESS
The patient is querulous and difficult to please
PERMISSIBLE DURATION
The duration of the current depressive episode is less than 6 months
PERPLEXITY
A feeling of uncertainty and puzzlement with inability to come to grips with events and understand what is happening
PESSIMISTIC OUTLOOK
The tendency to emphasize the negative aspects of life
PHOBIAS
Overwhelming fear in certain situations and/or in the presence of certain objects with avoidance of the triggering situations and/or objects and awareness that the response is unwarranted and excessive
PRECIPITATING FACTOR
A stressful situation or an emotionally painful event in the patient's life with an effect on the patient's everyday routine or lifestyle
PREMENSTRUAL PHASE DEPRESSION
Recurrence of depression during the week before the start of menstruation several times during a year
PROLONGED DURATION
The duration of the current depressive episode is at least 2 years
REACTIVE MOOD CHANGES
Mood changes which are in keeping with environmental events
RECURRENT EPISODE
Computer derived: First Episode (-)
RECURRENT THOUGHTS OF DEATH
Frequent intrusion of thoughts related to death and dying
REJECTION SENSITIVITY
Fear of being rejected
RESPONSIVENESS TO SOMATIC TREATMENT IN PAST
Favorable response to physical and/or pharmacological treatment in prior depressive episode(s)
RESTLESSNESS AND IMPATIENCE SYNDROME
Computer derived: Agitation/Motor Restlessness (+)
RESTRICTED THINKING
Shrinking of thought content to one or a few themes with difficulty of switching from one topic to another
RETARDED DEPRESSION SYNDROME
Computer derived: Apathetic Indifference/Constricted Affect/Lack of Interest (+) and Motor Retardation (+)
RETARDED MELANCHOLIA SYNDROME
Computer derived: Restricted Thinking/Retarded Thinking (+) and Motor Retardation/Stupor (+)
RETARDED THINKING
Slow and laborious flow of thoughts with progressively increasing delays in the processing of ideas and observable viscosity and torpidity of speech
RUMINATION
Endless preoccupation and incessant concern with unpleasant thoughts related to a real situation in the patient's past
SCHIZOPHRENIA
The diagnosis of schizophrenia
SCYTHIAN DISEASE
The diagnosis of transvestism (cross-dressing)
SEASONAL RECURRENCE
Recurrence of depressive episode within the same season annually for several years
SELF-ABSORPTION
Persistent preoccupation with oneself
SELF-INCRIMINATION
Self-accusation and denigration
SELF-PITY
Feeling sorry for oneself with dwelling on one's misfortunes
SELF-TORTURING DEPRESSION SYNDROME
Computer derived: Feelings of Guilt/Self-incrimination (+), and the presence of at least 3 of the following 4 variables: Rumination, Feelings of Inadequacy/Feeling of Worthlessness, Loss of Desire to Live/Suicidal Tendencies and Complaintiveness/Driven Complaintiveness
SEMISTUPOR
A motionless state in which the patient responds to questions by uttering monosyllables only
SHORT DURATION
The duration of the current depressive episode is less than 1-week
SOMATIC SYMPTOMS
Computer derived: Aches and Pains/Gastrointestinal Complaints/Vegetative Manifestations (+)
SORROWFUL MELANCHOLIA SYNDROME
Computer derived: Displeasure/Feeling of Helplessness/Feeling of Hopelessness (+)
STUPOR
A motionless state in which the patient does not answer questions, does not follow instructions and does not respond even to painful stimulation
STUPOR IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH CHILDBIRTH
The delivery of a child within 1-month prior to the onset of stupor
STUPOR IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH LOSS OF LOVED ONE
Death of a significant person in the patient's life within 2 months prior to the onset of stupor
STUPOR IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH MEDICAL ILLNESS
The diagnosis of a non-psychiatric and non-neurological medical illness or the aggravation of a pre-existing medical illness within 3 months prior to the onset of stupor
STUPOR IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH MOOD-DEPRESSANT MEDICATION
Treatment with one of the following drugs within 1 month prior to the onset of stupor: cimetidine, clonidine, corticosteroids, cytotoxic agents, guanethidine, oral contraceptives, methyldopa, propranolol and/or reserpine
STUPOR IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH NEUROLOGICAL ILLNESS
The diagnosis of neurological illness or the aggravation of a pre-existing neurological illness within 1 month prior to the onset of stupor
STUPOR IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH PRECIPITATING FACTOR
A stressful life situation or an emotional painful life event in the patient's life within 3 months prior to the onset of stupor
STUPOR IN TEMPORAL CONNECTION WITH SUBSTANCE USE
The use of one of more of the following substances in the month prior to the onset of stupor: alcohol in excess, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, ketamine, opioids, phencyclidine and/or related drugs
SUBACUTE ONSET
The time of onset of the current depressive episode can be determined within a specific 3 month period, but cannot be determined within a specific 2 weeks period
SUBSTANCE USE
Recurrent use of one or more of the following substances: alcohol in excess, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, ketamine, opioids, phencyclidine and/or related drugs
SUBSTANTIAL DURATION
The duration of the current depressive episode is less than 2 months
SUICIDAL ACT
Suicidal attempt(s) immediately prior to or during the current depressive episode
SUICIDAL IDEATION
Frequent intrusion of thoughts of killing oneself
SUICIDAL TENDENCIES
Computer derived: Suicidal Act/Suicidal Ideation (+)
SUPERSTITIOUS MELANCHOLIA SYNDROME
Computer derived: Superstitiousness (+)
SUPERSTITIOUSNESS
The belief in magic and supernatural
SUSPICIOUS DEPRESSION SYNDROME
Computer derived: Suspiciousness (+) and the presence of at least 3 of the following 4 variables: Anxious Mood/Depressed Mood, Ideas of Reference, Delusions and Suicidal Tendencies
SUSPICIOUS MELANCHOLIA SYNDROME
Computer derived: Suspiciousness (+)
SUSPICIOUSNESS
Anxious uncertainty with distrust
TANGENTIAL THINKING
A form of thinking in which the goal is never reached because the patient keeps on going off on tangents
TEARFUL
Cries easily and frequently
TENSION
Feeling of tightness in the muscles with inability to relax displayed by furrowed eyebrows, clenched fists and/or taut musculature
THOUGHT BROADCASTING
The experience that one's thoughts are becoming so loud that they can be heard by the patient and/or others with the feeling that one's thoughts are not exclusively one's own, but shared physically with others
THOUGHT INSERTION
The experience that thoughts are put into one's head physically by an external force
THOUGHT WITHDRAWAL
The experience that thoughts are removed or pulled out from one's head physically by an external force
TIME STILL
The experience that time stands still or passes slower than usual
TRANSIENT DURATION
The duration of the current depressive episode is less than 1 month
UNMOTIVATED DEPRESSED MOOD
The patient is unable to understand and explain why he/she is depressed
UNMOTIVATED DYSPHORIA
The patient is unable to understand and explain why he/she is dysphoric
VAGABOND MELANCHOLIA SYNDROME
Computer derived: Agitation/Motor Restlessness (+)
VEGETATIVE MANIFESTATIONS
Autonomic dysfunction displayed by dry mouth, pounding heart, hyperventilation and/or excessive perspiration
WEARINESS OF LIFE SYNDROME
Computer derived: Loss of Desire to Live/Suicidal Tendencies (+)
WEIGHT GAIN
Increase of body weight by at least 5% in a month without dieting
WEIGHT LOSS
Decrease of body weight by at least 5% in a month without dieting
WITHDRAWAL
Withdrawal from people with decreased social interactions
WORSE IN THE EVENINGS
The severity of depression changes during the day: it is worse in the evenings than in the mornings
WORSE IN THE MORNINGS
The severity of depression changes during the day: it is worse in the mornings than in the evenings